Bibliotek

The YABCL has 107 items that describe specific behavioral and emotional problems. Parents and others rate the young adult for how true each item is now or was within the past six months using the following scale: 0 = not true (as far as you know); 1 = somewhat or sometimes true; 2 = very true or often true. In addition, 13 socially desirable items are rated, and space is also provided for responses to two open-ended items covering physical and other problems, plus anything else the respondent wants to report about the young adult. These questionnaires are designed to provide standardized descriptions of behavior, feelings, thoughts, and competencies rather than diagnoses per se. The YABCL has 109 problem items and 11 competence items that are scored on 3-step scales. Eight syndromes are derived from the items on the YABCL, including 2 designated as Internalizing (Anxious/Depressed, Withdrawn) and 3 designated as Externalizing (Aggressive, Delinquent, and Intrusive Behavior). Reliability on the YABCL averages 0.85 across syndromes and Internalizing, Externalizing, and Total Problems scales (P .001). Validity has been demonstrated by showing significantly higher scores for subjects referred for mental health services than for matched nonreferred subjects.36-38 For the 8 syndrome scales, the 95th percentile is considered the borderline clinical cutoff and the 98th percentile the clinical cutoff on the basis of a nonreferred population. For the problem scales (Internalizing, Externalizing, and Total Problems), the 83rd percentile is considered the borderline clinical cutoff and the 90th percentile the clinical cutoff.33.

How the type of representation (icons, photos of objects in context, photos of objects in isolation) displayed on a hand-held computer affected recognition performance in young adults with cognitive disabilities was examined. Participants were required to match an object displayed on the computer to one of three pictures projected onto a screen. We tested the opinion widely held by occupational therapists and special education professionals that there is an inverse relationship between cognitive ability and the required fidelity of a representation for a successful match between a representation and an external object. Despite their widespread use in most learning tools developed for persons with cognitive disabilities, our results suggest that icons are poor substitutes for realistic representations.

The Nordic countries share a tradition of universal, tax-financed eldercare services, centred on public provision. Yet Nordic eldercare has not escaped the influence of the global wave of marketisation in recent years. Marketinspired measures, such as competitive tendering and user choice models, have been introduced in all Nordic countries, and in some countries, there has been an increase of private, for-profit provision of care services. This report is the first effort to comprehensively document the process of marketisation in Sweden, Finland, Denmark and Norway. The report seeks to answer the following questions: What kinds of market reforms have been carried out in Nordic eldercare systems? What is the extent of privately provided services? How is the quality of marketised monitored? What has the impact of marketisation been on users of eldercare, on care workers and on eldercare systems? Are marketisation trends similar in the four countries, or are there major differences between them? The report also includes analyses of aspects of marketisation in Canada and the United States, where there is a longer history of markets in care. These contributions offer some perhaps salutary warnings for the Nordic countries about the risks of increasing competition and private provision in eldercare. The authors of this report, representing seven countries, are all members of the Nordic Research Network on Marketisation in Eldercare (Normacare). The report has been edited by Professor Gabrielle Meagher, University of Sydney and Professor Marta Szebehely, Stockholm University. Our hope is that the report will provide both a foundation and an inspiration for further research on change in Nordic eldercare.

This study sought to assess the association between traditional masculine gender role ideologies and sexual risk and intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration behaviors in young men's heterosexual relationships. Sexually active men age 18–35 years attending an urban community health center in Boston were invited to join a study on men's sexual risk; participants (N=307) completed a brief self-administered survey on sexual risk (unprotected sex, forced unprotected sex, multiple sex partners) and IPV perpetration (physical, sexual and injury from/need for medical services due to IPV) behaviors, as well as demographics. Current analyses included men reporting sex with a main female partner in the past 3 months (n=283). Logistic regression analyses adjusted for demographics were used to assess significant associations between male gender role ideologies and the sexual risk and IPV perpetration behaviors. Participants were predominantly Hispanic (74.9%) and Black (21.9%); 55.5% were not born in the continental U.S.; 65% had been in the relationship for more than 1 year. Men reporting more traditional ideologies were significantly more likely to report unprotected vaginal sex in the past 3 months (ORadj = 2.3, 95% CI = 1.2–4.6) and IPV perpetration in the past year (ORadj = 2.1, 95% CI = 1.2–3.6). Findings indicate that masculine gender role ideologies are linked with young men's unprotected vaginal sex and IPV perpetration in relationships, suggesting that such ideologies may be a useful point of sexual risk reduction and IPV prevention intervention with this population.

I den här rapporten redovisar Junis vilken stödverksamhet som landets kommuner
erbjuder barn som växer upp med missbruk eller beroende.
Vi ger också exempel på människor, forskning och verksamhet som gör skillnad för de här
barnen.

Bland professionella som är verksamma i hälso- och sjukvård och socialtjänsten finns i dag ett stort intresse för att följa upp och utvärdera den egna praktiken. Man vill veta om insatserna ger det förväntade resultatet, om klientens problem minskar eller om klientens välbefinnande ökar. Men hur går man till väga för att få relevant och tillförlitlig kunskap om klienternas förbättring och insatsens betydelse?

I denna bok presenteras MOS – målinriktad och systematisk utvärdering av insatser för enskilda personer. MOS är ett sätt att följa upp och utvärdera den egna praktiken och ett verktyg som hjälper professionella och klienter att hålla fokus på det förbättringsmål som klienten vill uppnå i varje led av processen. MOS bygger på Single system designs (SSD) en utvärderingsmetod som länge använts i USA, där den utvecklades redan under 1970-talet. I engelskspråkig litteratur används även andra namn, t.ex. Single subject designs [10] eller Single case experimental designs [1]

I Sverige har detta sätt att utvärdera prövats och använts inom bl.a. rehabilitering och habilitering [5]. Inom socialtjänsten har den endast använts i mindre omfattning. På svenska finns endast några kortare beskrivningar [5,6,11]. En handledning som visar hur metoden ska användas saknas. Därför har denna bok skrivits.

The changes in family burden and participation in care of relatives to both voluntarily and compulsorily admitted patients were investigated as part of a longitudinal study of the quality of the mental health services in a Swedish county performed between 1986 and 1997. The relationship between the relative's mental health and family burden, participation in care and need of own support was also investigated. The results showed similar and high levels of burden and a non-sufficient participation in care in both periods investigated despite the ongoing changes in the delivery of psychiatric services and a change in the compulsory legislation in Sweden during the period. More relatives experienced an own need of care and support from the psychiatric services in the 1997 investigation. Relatives who experienced mental health problems of their own more often experienced other forms of burden, experienced less participation in the patient's treatment and also more often had own needs of care and support. It is concluded that interventions in families where relatives experience mental health problems will be useful, since a well-functioning network around the mentally ill person has shown to reduce relapse.

Abstrakt Det blir allt fler äldre personer i samhället idag eftersom vi lever längre. Ett större antal äldre personer kan innebära att fler närstående blir involverade i den äldre personens livssituation och vård. Den personcentrerade omvårdnadsmodellen visar att närstående är en viktig resurs för den äldre och för den äldres välbefinnande. Idag ska närstående kunna vara ett naturligt inslag i vården av den äldre personen. Sedan år 2009 när nya bestämmelsen i Socialtjänstlagen kom, har vården ett ansvar att ge närstående stöd och vägledning. Detta leder till att en dialog mellan vårdpersonal och närstående är betydande för att främja den äldres hälsa, men också för att främja närståendes delaktighet och välbefinnande. Syftet med studien var att undersöka närståendes upplevelser av att ha en äldre person vid ett vård- och omsorgsboende. Studien har en kvalitativ studiedesign. Tre fokusgruppsintervjuer och två enskilda intervjuer genomfördes med sammanlagt 26 närstående till en äldre person på ett vård- och omsorgsboende. Intervjuerna analyserades med en konventionell innehållsanalys. Ett gott bemötande och en öppen kommunikation med vårdpersonalen gjorde att de närstående kände sig välkomna och sedda som en viktig del i vården. Närstående upplevde trygghet då de själva och den äldre personen kände sig hemmastadda på vård- och omsorgsboendet. Slutsats: Personalen har en betydelsefull roll för närståendes välbefinnande och delaktighet i vården på ett vård- och omsorgsboende.

Vem blir man, när man får veta att ens barn är nära att dö i en livshotande hjärtsjukdom? Vad kan man ta in och vad flyter förbi? Hur går tankarna för den som tvingas bo länge på ett sjukhus? Vad innebär det att leva och hur nära kan Döden stå utan att ta den man älskar?
"Nästan alla dagar grät jag" är berättelsen om en familj där sonen blir akut inlagd på sjukhus för hjärtsvikt. Dag för dag följer vi familjen på sjukhuset, totalt 313 dagar. Berättelsen bygger på en verklig händelse.

Too many individuals still unnecessarily develop noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). Interviews with men with NIHL showed their lack of awareness of noise as a threat to hearing. Also, most men were unwilling to acknowledge, or even denied, their hearing problems. Interviews with spouses of men with NIHL showed that the husband's hearing loss often caused misunderstandings and irritation within the family, which had a negative impact on the couple's intimate relationship. The purposes of our group rehabilitation programme, designed for men with NIHL and their spouses, were to give psychosocial support, adequate information and practice in effective coping strategies. A professional approach to treat men with NIHL is to take a patient-centered global perspective, which encourages the patient to identify, describe and acknowledge problems related to his impaired hearing. In the next step, the patient needs professional help to solve experienced hearing related problems. In this process of identification of and solution to problems, family involvement is important and vital.

Den tid vi i dagens samhälle betraktar som ungdomstid blir allt längre. De ungdomar som lämnar grundskolan tillhör en åldersgrupp som är större än på länge och det stora flertalet av dem är på väg in i svensk treårig gymnasieutbildning.
En övergripande specialpedagogisk idé handlar om att alla människor bereds möjlighet att ta del i ett samhälle. Samtidigt finns inte någon fullödig bild av vad en sådan idé innefattar, särskilt inte sett utifrån den enskilda människans synvinkel. Forskningsinsatser med specialpedagogisk relevans domineras av individuella perspektiv och perspektiv med intresse för samspel är begränsade. Vidare är intresset för gymnasieskolan som specialpedagogiskt forskningsområde begränsat. Befintlig kunskapsutveckling förankras i högre grad vid omvärldens syn på ungdomar, än i ungdomars syn på omvärlden.

Denna undersökning utgår från några av dem som ofta outsagt åsyftas då "en skola för alla" diskuteras. Undersökningen baseras odelat på ungdomars bild, med en särskild tonvikt lagd vid deras upplevelse av omgivningen inklusive skolan och på samspelet med och inom den.

Official police reports of intimate partner violence (IPV) were examined in a community sample of young, at-risk couples to determine the degree of mutuality and the relation between IPV arrests and aggression toward a partner (self-reported, partner reported, and observed). Arrests were predominantly of the men. Men were more likely to initiate physical contact, use physical force, and inflict injuries than women, although few injuries required medical attention. In the context of nonofficial aggression toward a partner, overall, women had higher levels of physical and psychological aggression compared to men, and levels of severe physical aggression did not differ by gender. Couples with an IPV arrest were more aggressive toward each other than couples with no IPV arrests; however, nonofficial levels of aggression were not higher for men than for women among couples experiencing an IPV incident.

Millions of individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are parents. A burgeoning literature suggests that offspring of parents with this condition may be at increased risk for psychological problems. The current paper provides an integrative and comprehensive review of the diverse research literature examining the sequelae of parental posttraumatic stress among offspring. Over 100 studies that evaluated psychological and/or biological variables among children of parents with PTSD are reviewed. Findings suggest parental symptoms of posttraumatic stress are uniquely related to an array of offspring outcomes, including internalizing-type problems, general behavioral problems, and altered hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis functioning. Although very little work has directly evaluated mechanisms of transmission, there is increasing support for genetic and epigenetic effects as well as parenting behaviors. These and other mechanisms are discussed; drawing upon findings from other literatures to consider how parental PTSD may impart psychobiological vulnerability upon offspring. We conclude with a detailed discussion of the methodological strengths and challenges of the extant research, along with a recommended agenda for future research in this important area of study.

The aim of this intervention study was to illuminate the meaning of ICT-based caregiver support as experienced by older family carers living in vast rural areas, caring for a spouse at home. In order to access, the support service participants were provided with a computer and high speed Internet in their homes. Semi structured webcam-interviews were carried out with 31 family carers. A strategy for webcam interviewing was developed to ensure quality and create a comfortable interview situation for the family carers. Interviews were analysed using content analyses, resulting in the themes: Adopting new technology with help from others and Regaining social inclusion. The results indicate that ICT-based support can be valuable for older family carers in rural areas as it contributes to improve quality in daily life in a number of ways. In order to fully experience the benefits, family carers need to be frequent users of the provided support. Adequate training and encouragement from others were essential in motivating family carers to use the support service. Access to Internet and webcamera contributed to reducing loneliness and isolation, strengthening relationships with relatives living far away and enabled access to services no longer available in the area. Use of the ICT-service had a positive influence on the relationship between the older carer and adult grandchildren. It also contributed to carer competence and promote feelings of regaining independence and a societal role.

The aim of this intervention study was to illuminate the meaning of ICT-based caregiver support as experienced by older family carers living in vast rural areas, caring for a spouse at home. In order to access, the support service participants were provided with a computer and high speed Internet in their homes. Semi structured webcam-interviews were carried out with 31 family carers. A strategy for webcam interviewing was developed to ensure quality and create a comfortable interview situation for the family carers. Interviews were analysed using content analyses, resulting in the themes: Adopting new technology with help from others and Regaining social inclusion. The results indicate that ICT-based support can be valuable for older family carers in rural areas as it contributes to improve quality in daily life in a number of ways. In order to fully experience the benefits, family carers need to be frequent users of the provided support. Adequate training and encouragement from others were essential in motivating family carers to use the support service. Access to Internet and webcamera contributed to reducing loneliness and isolation, strengthening relationships with relatives living far away and enabled access to services no longer available in the area. Use of the ICT-service had a positive influence on the relationship between the older carer and adult grandchildren. It also contributed to carer competence and promote feelings of regaining independence and a societal role.

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the extent to which length of residence in the country and country of origin are of importance to older immigrants' use of long-term care services compared to native older people. The analyses were conducted on a population of over 65s living in the Municipality of Copenhagen on 1st Jan 2007. Information was drawn from the administrative registers of the Municipality of Copenhagen on the population's use in 2007 of home care and of residential care in a nursing home. These data were combined by Statistics Denmark with demographic data, socio-economic data and data on the use of health services. It was found that older immigrants are less likely than ethnic Danes to use municipal long-term care services when other predisposing, enabling and need factors are controlled for. The difference is greatest between ethnic Danes and immigrants from non-western countries who have only lived in Denmark for a few years. The difference decreases the longer the immigrant has lived in the country. The findings may be explained, at least in part, by poorer language skills and poorer knowledge of the Danish welfare system among older immigrants and the fact that they are more likely to be cared for by relatives than ethnic Danes are. However, in the course of time language skills improve and knowledge of the system increases and life style with respect to care may approach that of older Danes

Data on both the provision and receipt of informal care among populations of older adults are limited. Patterns of both informal care provided and received by older adults in the Republic of Ireland (RoI) and Northern Ireland (NI) were evaluated. A cross-sectional community-based population survey was conducted. Randomly selected older people (aged 65+, n = 2033, mean age (standard deviation): 74.1 years (6.8), 43% men, 68% response rate) provided information on the provision and receipt of care, its location, and the person(s) who provided the care. Twelve per cent of the sample (251/2033) identified themselves as informal caregivers (8% RoI and 17% NI). Caregivers were more likely to be women, married, have less education and have less functional impairment. Forty-nine per cent (1033/2033, 49% RoI and 48% NI) reported receiving some form of care in the past year. Care recipients were more likely to be older, married, have more functional impairment, and poorer self-rated health. Receiving regular informal care (help at least once a week) from a non-resident relative was the most common form of help received [28% overall (578/2033); 27% RoI and 30% NI]. Five per cent (n = 102/2033) of the sample reported both providing and receiving informal care. Levels of informal care provided by community-dwelling older adults were notably higher than reported in single-item national census questions. The balance of formal and informal health and social care will become increasingly important as populations age. It is essential, therefore, to evaluate factors facilitating or impeding informal care delivery.

Depression är en av våra stora folksjukdomar. Man räknar med att omkring en tredjedel av alla har en depression någon gång under sitt liv. Vem som helst kan drabbas, ung, gammal, frisk eller sjuk. Den som är utvilad efter semestern eller den som är trött och sliten av ett påfrestande arbete. Ofta finner man ingen förklarande orsak, utan depressionen bara kom. Bara en tredjedel av de som drabbas söker hjälp. Symptomen kan vara svåra att känna igen. Här i boken ges en bild av hur en depression kan se ut för andra i den deprimerades omgivning. Om det går att upptäcka symptomen lite fortare, så kan fler söka läkare för diagnos och hjälp. Boken visar också hur man som medmänniska hjälper den som drabbats, hur man kan förebygga depressioner och återfall i nya depressioner, samt hur man kan mildra förloppet. Boken vänder sig både till den som är eller har varit deprimerad och till alla vars anhörig, vän eller arbetskamrat drabbats av en depression.

Omsorgens skiftningar. Begreppet, vardagen, politiken, forskningen. R. Eliasson

Omsorg som ges av anhöriga och närstående är omfattande i alla åldrar och regioner i Sverige, men allra mest bland personer i gruppen 45-64 år, då denna omfattar tre av tio personer. Det finns tecken på att omsorg ökar generellt, men omfattningen beror delvis på hur frågorna ställs: från cirka 10 till väl över 20 procent av befolkningen ger omsorg, beroende på hur man definierar vård och omsorg. Omkring 7 procent ger mer omfattande och in¬tensiv omsorg, med dagliga insatser och med inslag av personlig omvårdnad.

Den exakta nivån för omsorgen är svår att fastställa, men den är i varje fall hög och väl i nivå med den informella omsorgen i andra länder. Intensiteten - tidsinsatsen - är dock möjligen mindre än i t.ex. Spanien. En viktig skillnad är också att nordisk omsorg mest sker mellan hushåll, den kontinentalsydeuropeiska mer inom hushållen.

En stor men ingalunda total del av omsorgen riktar sig till äldre personer. Intressant är att även äldre ofta är omsorgsgivare, för partner och andra. Omsorgsgivandet förefaller vara något mer jämställt i Sverige än på kontinenten, dvs. svenska män är omsorgsgivare nästan lika ofta som kvinnor, om än inte lika intensivt, och partneromsorg är ganska jämställd i Sverige. Anhörigomsorg tycks i Sverige vara klasslös, dvs. ungefär lika vanlig i alla samhällsskikt.

Arbete och omsorg låter sig ofta förenas, både för män och för kvinnor. Orsaken är troligen att omsorgsgivande är vanligast i åldrar då många av andra skäl "trappat ned" förvärvsarbetet och att omsorgen mer sällan är omfattande, daglig och "tung" - för de flesta.

Konsekvenser för arbetslivet får omsorgen ibland, men i stort sett endast när det handlar om omsorg för partner, föräldrar eller vuxna barn. Totalt är cirka var femte yrkesverksam också omsorgsgivare. Dessa tycks inte generellt ha sämre hälsa än de som inte har ett sådant åtagande. Om något gäller det motsatta, dvs. att omsorgsgivare har bättre hälsa än de som inte är omsorgsgivare. I en mindre grupp som vårdar partner eller annan nära anhörig kan dock hälsoproblem förekomma.

Anhörigomsorg i Sverige och offentlig omsorg, främst hemtjänst, överlappar ofta varandra. Detta gäller särskilt hjälp till ensamboende äldre, en stor mottagargrupp. Många anhöriga klarar på egen hand sitt åtagande, men åtskilliga uttrycker också behov av offentligt stöd. Sådant stöd måste troligen ta sig olika former å ena sidan för dem som hjälper någon de bor tillsammans med och å andra sidan för dem - majoriteten - som hjälper någon i ett annat hushåll. Där är sannolikt en utbyggd och välfungerande hemtjänst och annan öppen omsorg ofta en lämplig stödform.

Mer än en miljon svenskar är i dag omsorgsgivare för närstående. En del av den ökning man iakttagit beror troligen på ökande behov, men avspeglar nog också allmänt växande sociala nätverk: fler anhöriga betyder mer omsorgsgivande. Till en del kan ökande anhörigomsorg nog också härledas till att den offentliga omsorgen krympt i relation till hjälpbehoven i befolkningen.

Background: At the central administrative level in Sweden, care work is presented as a complex task for which personnel require special qualifications. In elderly care, questions of training and qualifications form the highly topical theme noticed by central actors. According to The National Board of Health and Welfare, the supply of manpower and the educational levels of the workers are the most important factors in ensuring high quality care for the elderly. The question of educational levels is, however, with the exception of personal assistants, not given as much attention in care for people with disabilities.Aim: The aim of this dissertation is firstly to compare elderly care and care for persons with disabilities with the focus to describe and analyse education and work environment in these sectors. Secondly, the aim is to analyse if, and if so how, questions of education interacts with personnel's view of the social work environment.Methods: The thesis is comprised of four studies and paper 1, 2 and 3 are based on the results of a qualitative interview study, which was comprised of 48 persons who worked in elderly care and the care for persons with disabilities. Of the 48 persons who took part in the study, 11 of them worked as middle managers and 37 worked as care workers in the every day care. Paper 4 consists of a research summary on how education for care workers is being studied in a Swedish and an international context.The personnel who participated in the interview study work in different care settings; in elderly care the personnel work in both sheltered housing and public home care services. In the care for disabled persons, the personnel work in residential housing with special services, in public daily activities for people with intellectual disabilities and as personal assistants.Result: Both managers and personnel find it important for care workers to have a degree of educational background as a basis for the learning process at the work place. The results also show that educational levels and the work environment are themes that are discussed differently by different actors. In previous research on education for care workers in both elderly care and the care for People with disabilities, academic education or education at a ground level has been seen as problematic due to the distance it is said to create between the worker and the care recipient. My results show that the discussion about education for care workers has become rather biased, and that highly educated personnel tend to be more aware of the power they possesses and that the relation to the care receiver is important. In elderly care the issue of education seems to be more a question of a general educational level. In the care for people with disabilities, the question of education for personnel is on a more individual basis, where the care workers learn together with the care recipient. Educational levels, the work environment and relations with colleagues and care recipients are connected and support from the managers is important for understanding the work and the relational perspective.

from www.socialstyrelsen.se.

Läsålder
3-6 år

Vem har tagit tant Annies rabarber? Med tänkarmössan på huvudet och förstoringsglaset i handen är Liam redo för att leta rätt på rabarbertjuven. Mystiska spår leder honom åt olika håll och snart upptäcker han att rabarbern inte är det enda som försvunnit...

Rabarbertjuven är en deckarhistoria för de minsta i bilderboksform. Tjugo kronor per bok går till Stockholms Handikappidrottsförbunds barn- och ungdomsverksamhet.

Evidence-based treatments exist for a range of child and adolescent behavior problems; however, effects are often limited by poor treatment attendance and adherence. The authors developed and evaluated the efficacy of a brief (5 to 45 min) intervention designed to increase treatment attendance and adherence in a sample of 76 parents referred for treatment of their child's oppositional, aggressive, and antisocial behavior. The results of this randomized controlled trial showed that parents who received this brief intervention had greater treatment motivation, attended significantly more treatment sessions, and had greater adherence to treatment according to both parent and therapist report. This study provides researchers and clinicians with a brief and efficacious method of increasing motivation, attendance, and adherence for treatment.

This study examined the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) aimed at enhancing the resilience of high-risk adolescents with alcohol-dependent parents in Suwon, South Korea. The study used a randomized control group pretest and posttest design. The experimental group participated in 10 sessions of CBT, and the scores on resilience increased significantly after the intervention, whereas the scores of self-concept and depression did not change. In the control group, none of the scores of outcome variables changed significantly after the intervention period. The results indicate that the developed CBT program might be effective for improving the resilience of adolescents with alcohol-dependent parents.

Oppositional, defiant, and disruptive behaviors are common in clinical samples of children with tic disorders. In this study, we sought to evaluate the short-term efficacy of a structured parent training program in children with tic disorders accompanied by disruptive behavior. Children with tic disorders and at least a moderate level of disruptive behavior were randomly assigned to a 10-session structured parent management training program or to continue treatment as usual. Twenty-four children (18 boys and 6 girls) between the ages of 6 and 12 years (mean 8.9 +/- 2.0 years) were enrolled; 23 subjects completed the study. At baseline, subjects showed moderate to severe levels of oppositional and defiant behavior. Twenty subjects (83%) were on stable medication. The parent-rated Disruptive Behavior Rating Scale score decreased by 51% in the parent management training group compared with a decrease of 19% in the treatment as usual group (P < .05). On the Improvement scale of the Clinical Global Impression, a rater masked to treatment assignment classified 7 of 11 subjects who completed parent management training as much improved or very much improved compared with 2 of 12 subjects in the treatment as usual group (Fisher exact test, P < .05). These results suggest that parent management training is helpful for short-term improvement in disruptive behavior problems in children with tic disorders. Larger randomized clinical trials are needed.

Sammanfattning:
Nationellt kompetenscentrum anhöriga (Nka) är en samarbetsresurs för att utveckla stödet till anhöriga som vårdar eller stödjer en närstående. Under 2017 togs ett underlag fram för en nationell anhörigstrategi vilket presenterades för socialdepartementet. Strategin har som utgångspunkt att anhöriga ska ha samma möjligheter som andra medborgare ur ett livsloppsperspektiv. Det innebär att anhöriga ska
- ha valfrihet att bestämma om de vill ta på sig en anhörigvårdarroll.
- ha samma möjligheter till utbildning, arbete och social delaktighet oberoende av kön, etnisk tillhörighet, trosuppfattning, funktionsnedsättning, sexuell läggning och ålder.
Som ett led i ytterligare konkretisering av strategin och de åtgärdsområden som forskningen pekar på har fokusgrupper och intervjuer genomförts med anhöriga, personal och beslutsfattare under hösten/vintern 2017–2018. Totalt har 35 anhöriga, ett trettiotal personal (främst länssamordnare för anhörigstöd) och tio beslutsfattare nåtts av studien. De intervjuade har fått diskutera underlaget i grupp eller reflektera över det enskilt, samt komma med förslag på konkreta främst statliga åtgärder för varje åtgärdsområde. Underlaget har därefter reviderats något utifrån resultatet av studien.

bstract [en]

Sweden is seen as a typical example of a social democratic welfare regime, with universal and generous welfare policies. However, in the last decades, there have been substantial reductions in the Swedish provision of care for older people. This study aimed to examine trends in sources of care-receipt in older people (77+) living in their own home and with a perceived need for help with two specific tasks: house cleaning and/or food shopping. Trends in care-receipt were examined in relation to gender, living alone, having children and socio-economic position. Data from the 1992, 2002 and 2011 data collection waves of the national study, Swedish Panel Study of Living Conditions of the Oldest Old (SWEOLD), were used. Response rates varied between 86 and 95 per cent, and the sample represents the population well. Trends and differences between groups were explored in bivariate and logistic regression analyses. There was a reduction in formal care-receipt regarding house cleaning and food shopping over the study period. It was more common for women than men to receive formal care, and more common for men than women to receive informal care. Reductions in formal care have affected older women more than older men. Still, living alone was the most influential factor in care-receipt, associated with a greater likelihood of formal care-receipt and a lower likelihood of informal care-receipt. It can be concluded that public responsibility for care is becoming more narrowly defined in Sweden, and that more responsibility for care is placed on persons in need of care and their families.

Sibling relationships are some of the longest-lasting relationships people experience, providing ample opportunities to build connections across the life span. For siblings and people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD), these connections take on an increased significance as their families age and parents can no longer provide care. This article presents findings from a qualitative study that addresses the question, "How do siblings support each other after parents no longer can provide care to the person with IDD?" Findings in this study suggest that siblings with and without disabilities experience reciprocity as a transitive exchange, which occurs through the creation of social capital in their families and community, and that nondisabled siblings mobilize their social capital to provide support to their sibling after parents pass away. Implications for future research as well as policy and practice are discussed.

This study explores and discusses the relationships between grandchildren and grandparents with an emphasis on the reciprocal, practical, emotional, and financial support that is provided between generations. Two independent surveys were conducted in Iceland, one of grandparents aged 65 years and older (n = 206) and one of grandchildren among college students (n = 648). The questions used were the same. The results indicated that there is a certain consistency in the pattern of views of the younger toward the older generation and the other way around. These findings are discussed in relation to family development and the value of intergenerational relationships and support.

In this article, Axel Honneth outlines a plural theory of justice. In developing his argument he takes his departure not in the classic elimination of 'inequality', but in the avoidance of 'humiliation' or 'disrespect'. He is convinced that an appropriate point of departure for a recognition-theoretical conception of justice must show that the experience of social injustice is always measured in terms of the withholding of some recognition held to be legitimate. Throughout the article, Honneth makes strong reservations about Nancy Fraser's approach, where 'recognition' and 'redistribution' are separated into two conceptual totalities with the single goal of 'participatory equality'. On the contrary, he suggests having a more elaborate concept of identity formation, so that participating in the public realm means participating without shame, capable of unfurling his or her own personality's potential in an unforced manner and of thus developing a personal identity. From this standpoint Honneth points to three differentiated spheres of recognition that must be obtained if the individual is to obtain a personal identity, namely love, equal treatment in law and social esteem