Bibliotek

The delivery of services and benefits to people supporting older and disabled relatives and friends depends largely on their identification within constructs of 'care-giving' and 'carer'. Those who are married or living with a partner may be particularly resistant to adopting the identity of 'care-giver' or 'care receiver'. This paper investigates the circumstances of couples and their adoption of carer identities, drawing on a study of the financial implications of a partner's death. That study was based on over 750 couples where one partner died, drawn from the British Household Panel Survey, and separate qualitative interviews with people whose partner died in the previous two years. The findings show that carer self-identification was influenced by the partner's health-care needs and service contacts, including welfare benefits receipts. None of the socio-demographic factors considered was statistically linked to whether people described themselves as providing care for their partner, unless there was an underlying association with the partner's health-care needs. The findings underline the problems of using self-reported identities in surveys and estimates of take-up of services and benefits, and the difficulties of delivering entitlements to people who care for their partner at the end-of-life. A challenge for policy makers is how to move beyond formal categories of 'carer' and 'care-giving' to incorporate inter-dependence, emotional commitment and the language of relationships in planning support for frail older people. Adapted from the source document.

Objectives
Although partner violence during pregnancy has serious consequences for women's health, little is known about how physical partner violence may change throughout pregnancy transitions. Even less is known about changes in sexual and psychological partner violence throughout pregnancy transitions. In addition, few research studies on pregnancy and partner violence have examined these changes among both victimized women (i.e., women who report physical partner violence at the beginning of their pregnancies) and comparison women (i.e., women who do not report physical partner violence during this same time period).

Methods
This longitudinal research study investigated 76 women's experiences with partner violence beginning 1 year before their pregnancies, and continuing throughout their pregnancies until 1 year after delivery. Four structured interviews were administered to participants, and information was collected concerning the women's partner violence experiences. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to determine whether there were statistically significant differences between the violence rates experienced by the victimized women relative to the comparison women at each time period.

Results
The results show that partner violence rates do change throughout pregnancy transitions, and that these changes are seen for both victimized and comparison women.

Conclusions
Pregnant and postpartum women are in need of comprehensive services that promote both their health and safety. This study offers care providers clinical implications for their work with pregnant and postpartum women, as well as policy and research recommendations.

ACTION (Assisting Carers using Telematics Interventions to meet Older people's Needs) stemmed from an EU-funded project (1997-2000). It is an Information and Communication Technology (ICT) based support service designed together with frail older people and their family carers to help empower them in their daily lives by providing access to web-based educational programmes, support from other ACTION families and dedicated care practitioners via the use of an integrated videophone system. It is currently running as a mainstream service in Bors municipality in West Sweden and as implementation projects in an additional twenty-five municipalities across Sweden. It is well recognised that there are relatively few examples of telecare projects that have successfully managed the transfer to a mainstream service. Based on our fourteen years of experience with the design and implementation of ACTION, we reflect on the major lessons learned. This paper highlights the user centred design model developed and refined during this period, including the range of methods for working in partnership with a variety of stakeholder groups at all stages of the technology transfer process of the ACTION service.

This study aims to explore the influence of paternal variables on outcome of behavioral parent training (BPT) in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). 83 referred, school-aged children with ADHD were randomly assigned to BPT plus ongoing routine clinical care (RCC) or RCC alone. Treatment outcome was based on parent-reported ADHD symptoms and behavioral problems. Moderator variables included paternal ADHD symptoms, depressive symptoms, and parenting self-efficacy. We conducted repeated measures analyses of variance (ANOVA) for all variables, and then analyzed the direction of interaction effects by repeated measures ANOVA in high and low scoring subgroups. Paternal ADHD symptoms and parenting self-efficacy played a moderating role in decreasing behavioral problems, but not in decreasing ADHD symptoms. Paternal depressive symptoms did not moderate either treatment outcome. BPT is most beneficial in reducing children's behavioral problems when their fathers have high levels of ADHD symptoms or high-parenting self-efficacy.

Background
Intergenerational transmission of trauma as a determinant of mental health has been studied in the offspring of Holocaust survivors and combat veterans, and in refugee families. Mainly negative effects on the children are reported, while a few studies also describe resilience and a possible positive transformation process. A longitudinal prospective cohort study of Vietnamese refugees arriving in Norway in 1982 reports a 23 years follow-up, including spouses and children born in Norway, to study the long-term effects of trauma, flight, and exile on the offspring of the refugees.

Objectives of the study:

1. To study the association between the psychological distress of Vietnamese refugee parents and their children after 23 years resettlement.

2. To analyse paternal predictors for their children's mental health.

Methods
Information from one or both parents at arrival in 1982 (T1), at follow-up in 1985 (T2), and 23 years after arrival (T3) was included. The mental health was assessed by the Global Severity Index (GSI) of the self-report Symptom Check List-90-R (SCL-90-R) for parents (n = 88) and older children (age 19-23 yrs, n = 12), while children aged 4-18 (n = 94) were assessed using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ).

Results
Thirty percent of the families had one parent with a high psychological distress score ("probable caseness" for a mental disorder), while only 4% of the children aged 10 - 23 years were considered as probable cases. In spite of this, there was an association between probable caseness in children and in fathers at T3. A significant negative paternal predictor for the children's mental health at T3 was the father's PTSD at arrival in Norway, while a positive predictor was the father's participation in a Norwegian network three years after arrival.

Conclusions
Children of refugees cannot be globally considered at risk for mental health problems. However, the preceding PTSD in their fathers may constitute a specific risk for them.

Background
Intergenerational transmission of trauma as a determinant of mental health has been studied in the offspring of Holocaust survivors and combat veterans, and in refugee families. Mainly negative effects on the children are reported, while a few studies also describe resilience and a possible positive transformation process. A longitudinal prospective cohort study of Vietnamese refugees arriving in Norway in 1982 reports a 23 years follow-up, including spouses and children born in Norway, to study the long-term effects of trauma, flight, and exile on the offspring of the refugees.

Objectives of the study:

1. To study the association between the psychological distress of Vietnamese refugee parents and their children after 23 years resettlement.

2. To analyse paternal predictors for their children's mental health.

Methods
Information from one or both parents at arrival in 1982 (T1), at follow-up in 1985 (T2), and 23 years after arrival (T3) was included. The mental health was assessed by the Global Severity Index (GSI) of the self-report Symptom Check List-90-R (SCL-90-R) for parents (n = 88) and older children (age 19-23 yrs, n = 12), while children aged 4-18 (n = 94) were assessed using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ).

Abstract
The death of a parent is a profoundly stressful form of childhood adversity, increasing the short- and long-term risk of mental health problems. Emerging research suggests it may also disrupt biological regulatory systems and increase the risk of long-term physical health problems. This article presents a theoretical framework of the process by which the experience of parental death during childhood may influence mental and physical health outcomes over time. Drawing from a broad literature on adaptation following childhood parental loss, we focus on risk and protective factors in the childhood environment that are theoretically and empirically linked to emotional and biological regulatory responses to stress later in life, the effects of which may accumulate to impact long-term health.

The aim of the study was to describe district nurses 'views and experiences of patients ' and relatives ' involvement and influence in home-care nursing. Data were collected by means of semi-structured interviews with ten district nurses. The data analysis was interpreted by a hermeneutic method, and the SAUC model for confirming nursing was used as a theoretical framework. The findings revealed that the district nurses' views of human being, and their need to control the home-care situation as experts, were decisive factors for patient/relative power and non power in home-care nursing. The preconditions for patient/relative power, according to the district nurses, were related to whether patients/relatives felt motivated to co-operate, expressed their own wishes, and had competence. Some significant preconditions were required for the district nurses to support patient/relative power i.e., that the district nurses had patient/relative involvement and influence as an explicit nursing goal and believed that it improved home care nursing. Conclusion, this study indicates the importance of the district nurses ' awareness about their own view of human being, their attitudes on patient/relative power and their individual strategies and competence to support the patients/relatives involvement and influence in home- care nursing.

Personcentrering och patientinvolvering framhålls som hörnstenar i omställningen till en mer nära vård. Då behöver frågan "Vad är viktigt för dig som patient och närstående?" ställas oftare. I denna studie har vi undersökt hur patienter och anhöriga till patienter inskrivna i kommunal hälso- och sjukvård upplevt vård i ordinärt boende under coronapandemin. Vi har särskilt fokuserat på att undersöka om patienter och anhöriga känt sig trygga med att få vård i hemmet, om de upplevt att de kunnat påverka vården och om de tyckt att de fått den vård de har rätt till.
Studien belyser således kommunal hälso- och sjukvård ur ett patient- och anhörigperspektiv. Den bidrar med kunskap om vad som är viktigt för patienter och anhöriga när vård ges i hemmet och hur man kan arbeta med nära vård, såväl under en sådan kris som en pandemi innebär, som under mer normala omständigheter.

Boken visar vägen till funktionell kommunikation i mötet mellan vårdgivare och patient, det vill säga informationsöverföring och dialog som möjliggör patientens delaktighet i behandling och rehabilitering. Huvuddelen av boken är praktiskt inriktad och tänkt både som en lärobok för sjuksköterske-, sjukgymnast-, dietist- och arbetsterapeutprogrammet och som en praktisk handbok för yrkesverksamma.

Denna titel har tidigare givits ut av Norstedts men ingår numera i Studentlitteraturs sortiment.

OBJECTIVE: Mutual support within the family is of great importance to maintain
its proper functioning. The study aim, which was based on a family system
approach, was to evaluate which variables are associated with patients' sense of
support within the family in the palliative care context.
METHODS: We recruited 174 adult patients (65% of those eligible) from six
palliative home care units, who had non-curable disease with an expected
short-term survival, such as disseminated cancer or non-malignant diagnosis. The
relationship between the endpoint and individual factors were evaluated in a
stepwise model-building procedure using generalised linear model (ordinal
multinomial distribution and logit link).
RESULTS: The respondents' ratings of their sense of support within the family
ranged from 1 (never) to 6 (always), with a mean value of 5.2 (standard deviation
1.06). Patients who less frequently sensed family support experienced more often
stress, worry about their private economy, lower self-efficacy, lower sense of
security with palliative care provided (lower ratings on subscales of care
interaction, mastery and prevailed own identity), more often anxiety, less often
perceived general well-being for closest ones and less often sense of support
from more distant family members. In the model building, three variables were
selected to predict the patients' sense of support within the family.
CONCLUSIONS: The dying patients' sense of support within the family related to
several factors, and these may help the palliative care teams to identify
patients at risk and to alleviate suffering, for example, through supporting the
closest family members.

The introduction of a new Civil Commitment Act in Sweden in 1992 involved a shift of emphasis from medical to judicial authority. Little is known about general patient attitudes to compulsory care. The aim of the study was to study possible differences in attitudes, before and after the mental health law reform, among involuntarily and voluntarily admitted patients and their next-of-kins towards involuntary psychiatric admission. Samples of 84 committed and 84 voluntarily admitted patients in 1991 and 118 committed and 117 voluntarily admitted patients in 1997–99 were interviewed within 5 days from admission and at discharge, or after 3 weeks of care. Samples of 64 next-of-kins to the committed patients and 69 next-of-kins to the voluntarily admitted patients in 1991, and 73 and 89 next-of-kins, respectively, in 1997–99 were interviewed approximately 1 month after the admission. Few changes in attitudes were found between the two study occasions. A majority of all patients stated that it should be possible to compulsorily admit patients, and a great majority of the patients and the next-of kins stated that decisions regarding compulsory admission should be taken by doctors. Most patients and next-of-kins regarded decisions about involuntary psychiatric care mainly as a medical matter. Strong support for coercion in order to protect the patient and others was found among next-of-kins. The law reform was not reflected in attitudinal differences.

Recent investigations into the behavior states of students with profound and multiple disabilities have underlined the importance of better understanding the part that educational variables play in relation to levels of individual alertness and involvement. In the study reported here, 10 students in this population were observed for a full day each and detailed, noncontinuous information was collected on several contextual factors and student behavior states, using an interval recording technique. This paper examines transitional probabilities for observed student behavior states over time and also explores potential relationships between states, communicative conditions and activities taking place in educational settings. These sequential estimates provide evidence of state stability and positive relationships amongst student engagement and active communicative and social learning environments. Implications for practice and further research are discussed.

This study describes the situation for community living older people, 65 years of age and older in Iceland, analyzing their needs for care and services and how these needs are met. The study analyzes the relationship between the main providers of help and care, the formal caregivers and the informal carers. The study further depicts what kinds of care and support older informal caregivers provide and receive themselves and analyze what factors are related to providing care alone or in combination with other caregivers, informal and formal. The study also analyzes the relationship and mutual support between grandparents and grandchildren and whether there are gender differences in intergenerational relations and support. As little research has been conducted on informal care in Iceland, it is important to show the importance of the informal carers in the care paradigm. Two Icelandic studies were used for the descriptions and analysis. The main data source is the ICEOLD survey (Icelandic older people), based on a random representative national sample of 700 non-institutionalized persons in ages 65 – 79 years and 700 persons aged 80+. The final sample consists of 1,189 older persons to which an introduction letter was sent. They were contacted by phone a few days later and 782 persons, 341 men and 441 women, agreed to participate, giving a response rate of 66%. A study carried out among college students in Iceland, The Grammar School study, was also used to retrieve information on intergenerational relations between grandparents and grandchildren.

Aim. The aim of this study was to escribe which caring activities eight spouses performed when caring for a partner with dementia, and in what way these activities were carried out.
Background. Family caregivers are recognized as being the primary source of care for the community's older people. The largest group is comprised of spouses, with wives as the predominant caregivers. This informal care seems to be more or less invisible and performed in silence within the family. Despite the wealth of studies, the essence of family caregiving is not well understood.
Methods. Data collection was conducted by observing the dyads in their homes. A qualitative approach inspired by grounded theory was chosen to discover qualities and describe patterns of spousal caregiving in dementia care.
Results. The analysis yielded four broad themes, which included nine categories. Findings from the study shed some light on the invisible aspects besides the traditional hands-on caregiving.
Conclusion. The elderly carers were engaged in demanding and time-consuming care ranging from supervision to heavy physical responsibility. They were caring for as well as about their partners. The study also showed that spouses were successful in managing their situation in different ways. The results reported in this article are unique as they come from direct observations in family home settings where a spouse cared for a partner with dementia. Knowledge about family caregiving is valuable for nurses as there is an emphasis on collaboration between family caregivers and professionals.

This article analyses informal help and caregiving in Sweden with a focus on the scope and trends of change over time. The discussion is based on the results of three national surveys and of one surveyconducted in the county of Stockholm. The results indicated that informal help and caregiving was common throughout the period under study. In the

s, the figures were fairly stable, while fromthe late
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s to
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there seems to have been a dramatic increase in the prevalence of such support. Two interpretative perspectives are used to discuss this pattern. One locates its point of departure in recent welfare state changes and in the substitution argument, according to which cuts in welfare services put more pressure on people to provide informal help and care. The second perspective relates to the present debate on civil society and to its possible role in contemporarysociety. According to the civil society perspective, an increase in the prevalence of informal help and caregiving might be interpreted as an expression of growing civic involvement 'in its own right',without a straightforward and simple relationship to changes in the welfare state. It is argued in the article that the two frames of interpretation should not be viewed as mutually exclusive, but rather that they represent two partly complementary approaches to the understanding of the complex dynamics of unpaid work in contemporary Swedish society.

Developing peer relationships in school is an essential part of growing up. Many children who have little or no functional speech are provided with augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) systems such as speech synthesizers and books and charts of symbols/pictures/words. Such children face many barriers to communication and to developing peer relationships. To date there exists little understanding of the characteristics of interaction between children using AAC and their speaking peers. This paper reports findings from an analysis of interactions between 12 children with physical disabilities using AAC systems and their speaking peers in school. Analysis identifies the primary structures, functions, and modes of communication used by both partners in one-to-one conversation.

An experiment is described which aimed to help bereaved teenagers through peer group counselling, and also to examine the related issue of how reliably we can measure the effectiveness of such counselling. This involved a systematic approach to the subjective impressions of participants, and also used objective measurement techniques. Subjects perceived the group counselling sessions to have had a high value, and certain consistent trends were revealed concerning participants' previous experience of their bereavement and concerning the medium-term effects of adolescent bereavement. Statistical analysis of the objective tests paralleled this with improvements in several areas, though the extent of the statistical significance of those improvements is debatable. Recommendations are made concerning the implications for the pastoral care of bereaved pupils in schools.

Keywords:
Bereavement;social isolation;support groups;well-being;peers
Background:  While it has been shown that bereaved children can experience emotional or behavioural problems, the evidence is inconclusive regarding which children would benefit from support and the kind of support to offer. This study aimed to obtain children's and parents' views on their experiences following bereavement and the usefulness of a peer-group support programme.

Method:  Thirty-nine families who had attended a community-based peer-group bereavement support programme within the previous 4 years were approached. Of the 23 with confirmed contact details, 17 agreed to participate. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 23 children (range 8 to 17 years) and 17 parents.

Results:  Children were concerned about isolation from peers and emphasized the value of meeting other children with experiences of bereavement in the group. Parents were concerned about lack of communication within the home about the bereavement, which continued after the group. Most children and parents would have liked more support, either more groups or an ongoing link.

Conclusions:  Referral to peer-group support may have the potential to improve bereaved children experiencing feelings of social isolation and help them develop coping strategies. Other family-focused support may also be needed for some children.

Den andra upplagan av PEGASUS - kurs för vuxna med ADHD och deras närstående är en revidering och uppdatering av det kompletta psykoedukativa kursmaterialet från 2013. Inom många verksamheter har PEGASUS redan hunnit bli ett självklart första steg att erbjuda till vuxna med diagnosen ADHD.

PEGASUS har utvecklats för att bemöta behoven av information, erfarenhetsutbyte och utbildning i funktionsnedsättningen ADHD. Den andra upplagan av PEGASUS har reviderats för att på ett bättre sätt möta de varierande behoven i olika grupper och har uppdaterats med aktuell information bland annat om läkemedelsbehandling.

PEGASUS genomförs i grupp och ger ökad kunskap om ADHD, behandlingar, strategier och vad det finns för stöd att tillgå. Dessutom får deltagarna möjlighet att lära sig mer om sig själva och nå större förståelse för andras situation och på det sättet förbättra relationskvalitén. Gruppformatet ger många tillfällen för erfarenhetsutbyte med andra i liknande situation. PEGASUS är ett bra alternativ som en första psykologisk behandling efter diagnos.

Arbetsgruppen bakom PEGASUS har en lång samlad erfarenhet av arbete med personer med diagnosen ADHD. I Arbetsboken beskrivs och refereras till ett flertal studier där PEGASUS har prövats ut med goda preliminära resultat.

Background: UK health policy requires the early identification and management of dementia. There are few good quality evaluations of models of care in dementia with a particular lack of data from user and carer perspectives. The Croydon Memory Service Model (CMSM) was developed to identify and treat people in the early stages of dementia and its evaluation includes an assessment of service satisfaction. Aim: To complete a qualitative investigation into the satisfaction with the service of those assessed and treated using the CMSM. Method: The CMSM was the subject of a multi-method evaluation, as part of this, semi-structured qualitative interviews were carried out with 16 people with dementia and 15 family carers to establish their opinions of the service. Purposive sampling was used to identify participants with a range of diagnosis, ethnicity, and age. Conventional Content Analysis was used to analyse the data. Results: Six themes concerning satisfaction emerged from the data: initial experience of dementia; service experience; helpful interventions; normalizing the catastrophic; clear communication; and gaps in service. Peer support and clear communication were seen as valuable assets provided by the service, allowing participants to use coping strategies which normalized having dementia. Conclusions: From these data we can derive seven quality indicators with which to judge services for people with dementia: (i) provision of broad-based care as well as assessment; (ii) clear communication about diagnosis and care; (iii) continuing peer support groups; (iv) easy availability of staff; (v) professional staff behaviour; (vi) the service working for people with young-onset dementia and their carers; (vii) strategies to manage those with subjective memory impairment but no objective deficits.

OBJECTIVE:
Recent research suggests that not only parental psychopathology, but also parenting practices, have a role to play in the development of child posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) following a natural disaster. The current study aimed to investigate the relationship between parents' perceptions of their parenting in the aftermath of a natural disaster, and child PTSS.

METHODS:
A cross-sectional design was used to explore the associations among child PTSS, parents' perceptions of altered (more anxious) parenting, and parental disaster-related distress (altered cognitions and behaviors) in 874 elementary school children (ages 8-12 years) and their parents following a severe storm of cyclonic proportions. With parental consent, school-based screening was conducted in impacted communities 3 months after the storm. Children completed a screening questionnaire consisting of the Child Trauma Screening Questionnaire (CTSQ; used for identifying children at risk for posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD]), as well as a range of questions assessing disaster exposure and threat perception. Parents completed questions relating to their perceptions of changes in their parenting since the storm, as well as two items relating to their own disaster-related distress.

RESULTS:
Independent of other significant associations with child PTSS (such as age, gender, and disaster exposure), a high level of parent-perceived altered parenting appeared to put children at increased risk for PTSS 3 months after the disaster. However, when the sample was stratified for the presence or absence of altered parent cognitions and behaviors following the storm, altered parenting was found to have a unique relationship with child PTSS only when parents reported altered disaster-related cognitions and behaviors.

CONCLUSIONS:
When parents report disaster-related cognitions and behaviors, their perception of altered parenting practices (becoming more protective, less granting of autonomy, and communicating a sense of current danger) is associated with child PTSS. Although it is not possible to draw conclusions about the direction of these relationships, this study identifies parenting practices that may constitute important targets for intervention.

The overall aim of this thesis was to investigate the patients' and their relatives' perceived participation in discharge planning after stroke and the patients' health-related quality of life, depressive symptoms, performance of personal daily activities and social activities in connection with discharge. Another aim was to evaluate the psychometric assumptions of the SF-36 for Swedish stroke patients.Prospective, descriptive and cross-sectional designs were used to study all patients with stroke admitted to the stroke unit at a hospital in southern Sweden from October 1, 2003 to November 30, 2005 each with one close relative. The total sample consisted of 188 patients (mean age=74.0 years) and 152 relatives (mean age=60.1 years). Data were collected during interviews, 2-3 weeks after discharge.The results showed that less depressive symptoms, more outdoor activities and performance of interests are important variables that related to higher HRQoL. SF-36 functions well as a measure of health related quality of life in Swedish stroke patients, but the two summary scales have shortcomings. Compared to a Swedish normal population, scores on all scales/components of the SF-36 were lower among stroke patients especially in the middle-aged group. Most of the patients perceived that they received information, but fewer perceived participation in the planning of medical treatment and needs of care/service/rehabilitation and goal setting. The relatives perceived that they need more information and they perceived low participation in goal setting and needs assessment. The professionals seem to lack effective practices for involving patients and their relatives to perceive participation in discharge planning. It is essential to develop and to implement methods for discharge planning, including sharing information, needs assessment with goal setting that facilitate patients' and relatives' perceived participation. The results suggest that ICF can be used in goal setting and needs assessment in discharge planning after acute stroke.

This study reports on the use of the Perceived Social Support from Family and Perceived Social Support from Friends scales (Procidano & Heller, 1983) in a sample of adolescents at the initiation of outpatient treatment. Reliability and validity evidence is presented that generally replicates earlier studies utilizing these instruments. Multiple regression results are also reported, indicating that different combinations of perceived support from family and friends significantly predict psychosocial maturity levels in this clinical adolescent sample.

OBJECTIVE:
Given that ADHD has been linked to dysfunction across development and in many life domains, it is likely that individuals experiencing these symptoms are at increased risk for experiencing stress. The current study examines the association between ADHD and other psychiatric symptoms and perceived stress in a community sample of adults.
METHOD:
Perceived stress data collected from 983 participants (M(age) = 45.6 years) were analyzed primarily via hierarchical multiple regression using ADHD symptom clusters, demographic variables, and anxiety and depression scale variables as predictors.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:
ADHD symptoms positively associated with perceived stress. Inattention and sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT), as opposed to hyperactivity-impulsivity and newly proposed executive dysfunction symptoms, were the most consistent predictors. These findings reinforce that the experience of ADHD symptoms in adulthood is associated with stress and suggest that SCT could play an important role in assessing risk for negative adult outcomes.

Background: Heart failure (HF) affects not only the person diagnosed with the syndrome but also family members, who often have the role of informal carers. The needs of these carers are not always met, and information and communications technology (ICT) could have the potential to support them in their everyday life. However, knowledge is lacking about how family members perceive ICT and see opportunities for this technology to support them.Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the perceptions of ICT solutions as supportive aids among family members of persons with HF.Methods: A qualitative design was applied. A total of 8 focus groups, comprising 23 family members of persons affected by HF, were conducted between March 2015 and January 2017. Participants were recruited from 1 hospital in Sweden. A purposeful sampling strategy was used to find family members of persons with symptomatic HF from diverse backgrounds. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis.Results: The analysis revealed 4 categories and 9 subcategories. The first category, about how ICT could provide relevant support, included descriptions of how ICT could be used for communication with health care personnel, for information and communication retrieval, plus opportunities to interact with persons in similar life situations and to share support with peers and extended family. The second category, about how ICT could provide access, entailed how ICT could offer solutions not bound by time or place and how it could be both timely and adaptable to different life situations. ICT could also provide an arena for family members to which they might not otherwise have had access. The third category concerned how ICT could be too impersonal and how it could entail limited personal interaction and individualization, which could lead to concerns about usability. It was emphasized that ICT could not replace physical meetings. The fourth category considered how ICT could be out of scope, reflecting the fact that some family members were generally uninterested in ICT and had difficulties envisioning how it could be used for support. It was also discussed as more of a solution for the future.Conclusions: Family members described multiple uses for ICT and agreed that ICT could provide access to relevant sources of information from which family members could potentially exchange support. ICT was also considered to have its limitations and was out of scope for some but with expected use in the future. Even though some family members seemed hesitant about ICT solutions in general, this might not mean they are unreceptive to suggestions about their usage in, for example, health care. Thus, a variety of factors should be considered to facilitate future implementations of ICT tools in clinical practice.

Aim.  This paper is a report of a study to explore different perceptions of psychiatric care among foreign- and Swedish-born people with psychotic disorders.

Background.  Research from different countries reports a high-incidence of psychosis among migrants. The risk-factors discussed are social disadvantages in the new country. To understand and meet the needs of people from different countries, their perspective of psychiatric care must be illuminated and taken into consideration.

Method.  A phenomenographic study was conducted in 2005–2006 using semi-structured interviews with a convenience sample of 12 foreign-born people and 10 Swedish-born people with psychosis.

Findings.  Three categories were identified: personal and family involvement in care; relating to healthcare staff; and managing illness and everyday life. Foreign-born people differed from Swedish-born people in that they struggled to attain an everyday life in Sweden, relied on healthcare staff as experts in making decisions, and had religious beliefs about mental illness. Among Swedish-born people, the need for more support to relatives and help to perform recreational activities was important.

Conclusion.  It is important to identify individual perceptions and needs, which may be influenced by cultural origins, when caring for patients with psychosis. Previous experience of care, different ways of relating to staff, and individual needs should be identified and met with respect. Social needs should not be medicalized but taken into consideration when planning care, which illustrates the importance of multi-professional co-operation.

A number of international studies have highlighted family caregivers' (FCGs') dissatisfaction with their relationship with mental health professionals (MHPs) when providing care for mentally ill family members. However, few studies have explored the mental health professionals' perspective of this relationship. This study explored both FCGs' and MHPs' perspectives. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven FCGs and seven MHPs from two different geographical areas of New Zealand. Thematic analysis of these interviews revealed four distinct MHP themes and five FCG themes. The themes illuminate incongruence between MHPs' intentions to form a positive working relationship with families and the FCGs' mainly negative experiences of this relationship

Abstract
Many individuals die suddenly and unexpectedly outside the hospital or in the emergency department (ED). The aim of this study was to determine the perceptions, needs and mourning reactions of their bereaved relatives and to assess the relationship with the cause of death. Data were collected prospectively in the emergency department of a university hospital by means of an interview and a standardised questionnaire. We registered 339 deaths over a period of 10 months, of which 110 met the inclusion criteria for sudden and unexpected death. The study group included 74 relatives of 53 deceased individuals. The majority of relatives were confronted with a traumatic death outside the hospital. Most frequently reported complaints concerned a lack of information and being left with unanswered questions. Psychological problems related to mourning were mainly associated with a traumatic cause of death. The results of this study highlight the specific needs of relatives in case of a sudden death either outside the hospital or in the ED and may serve as a basis for recommendations for improvement of psychological care of individuals who are suddenly bereaved.

Ålder: 6-9 år

Hela familjen står inför nya och stora utmaningar då den allvarligt sjuka Perla får komma hem. Fastän det är jobbigt att sköta lillasyster, vill Jakob delta efter bästa förmåga. Han är väldigt bra på att lugna ner henne, för han kan smeka och sjunga särskilt mjukt. Jakob vill att Perla tas med till skolans viktiga evenemang.– Det stör inte mig fastän de andra aldrig har sett en sådan baby som Perla. Jag kan nog förklara det för dem, säger Jakob. Sommarens värme och dofter omsluter hela familjen, också lilla Perla.

Although excellent data exist on the overall prevalence of childhood exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV), there is less information available on the specific patterns of IPV exposure in childhood and how they influence adult mental health. The current study examines 703 Swedish adults who reported exposure to IPV in childhood. Participants were part of a large national study on violence exposure. They provided an extensive history of their exposure to IPV and maltreatment experiences during childhood via electronically administered questionnaires. Mean comparison and multivariate regression methods were employed to assess differences in violence severity by reported perpetration pattern (mother-only, father-only, bidirectional or other), the association between violence severity and environmental context, and the contribution of these characteristics to adult mental health outcomes. Overall, violence perpetrated in public and by fathers was more severe and was related to poorer mental health outcomes in adulthood for child witnesses. These findings provide important insight into possible clinical "flags" for identifying children at high risk for exposure to IPV and abuse in the home.