Bibliotek

The YABCL has 107 items that describe specific behavioral and emotional problems. Parents and others rate the young adult for how true each item is now or was within the past six months using the following scale: 0 = not true (as far as you know); 1 = somewhat or sometimes true; 2 = very true or often true. In addition, 13 socially desirable items are rated, and space is also provided for responses to two open-ended items covering physical and other problems, plus anything else the respondent wants to report about the young adult. These questionnaires are designed to provide standardized descriptions of behavior, feelings, thoughts, and competencies rather than diagnoses per se. The YABCL has 109 problem items and 11 competence items that are scored on 3-step scales. Eight syndromes are derived from the items on the YABCL, including 2 designated as Internalizing (Anxious/Depressed, Withdrawn) and 3 designated as Externalizing (Aggressive, Delinquent, and Intrusive Behavior). Reliability on the YABCL averages 0.85 across syndromes and Internalizing, Externalizing, and Total Problems scales (P .001). Validity has been demonstrated by showing significantly higher scores for subjects referred for mental health services than for matched nonreferred subjects.36-38 For the 8 syndrome scales, the 95th percentile is considered the borderline clinical cutoff and the 98th percentile the clinical cutoff on the basis of a nonreferred population. For the problem scales (Internalizing, Externalizing, and Total Problems), the 83rd percentile is considered the borderline clinical cutoff and the 90th percentile the clinical cutoff.33.

How the type of representation (icons, photos of objects in context, photos of objects in isolation) displayed on a hand-held computer affected recognition performance in young adults with cognitive disabilities was examined. Participants were required to match an object displayed on the computer to one of three pictures projected onto a screen. We tested the opinion widely held by occupational therapists and special education professionals that there is an inverse relationship between cognitive ability and the required fidelity of a representation for a successful match between a representation and an external object. Despite their widespread use in most learning tools developed for persons with cognitive disabilities, our results suggest that icons are poor substitutes for realistic representations.

The Nordic countries share a tradition of universal, tax-financed eldercare services, centred on public provision. Yet Nordic eldercare has not escaped the influence of the global wave of marketisation in recent years. Marketinspired measures, such as competitive tendering and user choice models, have been introduced in all Nordic countries, and in some countries, there has been an increase of private, for-profit provision of care services. This report is the first effort to comprehensively document the process of marketisation in Sweden, Finland, Denmark and Norway. The report seeks to answer the following questions: What kinds of market reforms have been carried out in Nordic eldercare systems? What is the extent of privately provided services? How is the quality of marketised monitored? What has the impact of marketisation been on users of eldercare, on care workers and on eldercare systems? Are marketisation trends similar in the four countries, or are there major differences between them? The report also includes analyses of aspects of marketisation in Canada and the United States, where there is a longer history of markets in care. These contributions offer some perhaps salutary warnings for the Nordic countries about the risks of increasing competition and private provision in eldercare. The authors of this report, representing seven countries, are all members of the Nordic Research Network on Marketisation in Eldercare (Normacare). The report has been edited by Professor Gabrielle Meagher, University of Sydney and Professor Marta Szebehely, Stockholm University. Our hope is that the report will provide both a foundation and an inspiration for further research on change in Nordic eldercare.

This study sought to assess the association between traditional masculine gender role ideologies and sexual risk and intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration behaviors in young men's heterosexual relationships. Sexually active men age 18–35 years attending an urban community health center in Boston were invited to join a study on men's sexual risk; participants (N=307) completed a brief self-administered survey on sexual risk (unprotected sex, forced unprotected sex, multiple sex partners) and IPV perpetration (physical, sexual and injury from/need for medical services due to IPV) behaviors, as well as demographics. Current analyses included men reporting sex with a main female partner in the past 3 months (n=283). Logistic regression analyses adjusted for demographics were used to assess significant associations between male gender role ideologies and the sexual risk and IPV perpetration behaviors. Participants were predominantly Hispanic (74.9%) and Black (21.9%); 55.5% were not born in the continental U.S.; 65% had been in the relationship for more than 1 year. Men reporting more traditional ideologies were significantly more likely to report unprotected vaginal sex in the past 3 months (ORadj = 2.3, 95% CI = 1.2–4.6) and IPV perpetration in the past year (ORadj = 2.1, 95% CI = 1.2–3.6). Findings indicate that masculine gender role ideologies are linked with young men's unprotected vaginal sex and IPV perpetration in relationships, suggesting that such ideologies may be a useful point of sexual risk reduction and IPV prevention intervention with this population.

I den här rapporten redovisar Junis vilken stödverksamhet som landets kommuner
erbjuder barn som växer upp med missbruk eller beroende.
Vi ger också exempel på människor, forskning och verksamhet som gör skillnad för de här
barnen.

Bland professionella som är verksamma i hälso- och sjukvård och socialtjänsten finns i dag ett stort intresse för att följa upp och utvärdera den egna praktiken. Man vill veta om insatserna ger det förväntade resultatet, om klientens problem minskar eller om klientens välbefinnande ökar. Men hur går man till väga för att få relevant och tillförlitlig kunskap om klienternas förbättring och insatsens betydelse?

I denna bok presenteras MOS – målinriktad och systematisk utvärdering av insatser för enskilda personer. MOS är ett sätt att följa upp och utvärdera den egna praktiken och ett verktyg som hjälper professionella och klienter att hålla fokus på det förbättringsmål som klienten vill uppnå i varje led av processen. MOS bygger på Single system designs (SSD) en utvärderingsmetod som länge använts i USA, där den utvecklades redan under 1970-talet. I engelskspråkig litteratur används även andra namn, t.ex. Single subject designs [10] eller Single case experimental designs [1]

I Sverige har detta sätt att utvärdera prövats och använts inom bl.a. rehabilitering och habilitering [5]. Inom socialtjänsten har den endast använts i mindre omfattning. På svenska finns endast några kortare beskrivningar [5,6,11]. En handledning som visar hur metoden ska användas saknas. Därför har denna bok skrivits.

The changes in family burden and participation in care of relatives to both voluntarily and compulsorily admitted patients were investigated as part of a longitudinal study of the quality of the mental health services in a Swedish county performed between 1986 and 1997. The relationship between the relative's mental health and family burden, participation in care and need of own support was also investigated. The results showed similar and high levels of burden and a non-sufficient participation in care in both periods investigated despite the ongoing changes in the delivery of psychiatric services and a change in the compulsory legislation in Sweden during the period. More relatives experienced an own need of care and support from the psychiatric services in the 1997 investigation. Relatives who experienced mental health problems of their own more often experienced other forms of burden, experienced less participation in the patient's treatment and also more often had own needs of care and support. It is concluded that interventions in families where relatives experience mental health problems will be useful, since a well-functioning network around the mentally ill person has shown to reduce relapse.

Abstrakt Det blir allt fler äldre personer i samhället idag eftersom vi lever längre. Ett större antal äldre personer kan innebära att fler närstående blir involverade i den äldre personens livssituation och vård. Den personcentrerade omvårdnadsmodellen visar att närstående är en viktig resurs för den äldre och för den äldres välbefinnande. Idag ska närstående kunna vara ett naturligt inslag i vården av den äldre personen. Sedan år 2009 när nya bestämmelsen i Socialtjänstlagen kom, har vården ett ansvar att ge närstående stöd och vägledning. Detta leder till att en dialog mellan vårdpersonal och närstående är betydande för att främja den äldres hälsa, men också för att främja närståendes delaktighet och välbefinnande. Syftet med studien var att undersöka närståendes upplevelser av att ha en äldre person vid ett vård- och omsorgsboende. Studien har en kvalitativ studiedesign. Tre fokusgruppsintervjuer och två enskilda intervjuer genomfördes med sammanlagt 26 närstående till en äldre person på ett vård- och omsorgsboende. Intervjuerna analyserades med en konventionell innehållsanalys. Ett gott bemötande och en öppen kommunikation med vårdpersonalen gjorde att de närstående kände sig välkomna och sedda som en viktig del i vården. Närstående upplevde trygghet då de själva och den äldre personen kände sig hemmastadda på vård- och omsorgsboendet. Slutsats: Personalen har en betydelsefull roll för närståendes välbefinnande och delaktighet i vården på ett vård- och omsorgsboende.

Vem blir man, när man får veta att ens barn är nära att dö i en livshotande hjärtsjukdom? Vad kan man ta in och vad flyter förbi? Hur går tankarna för den som tvingas bo länge på ett sjukhus? Vad innebär det att leva och hur nära kan Döden stå utan att ta den man älskar?
"Nästan alla dagar grät jag" är berättelsen om en familj där sonen blir akut inlagd på sjukhus för hjärtsvikt. Dag för dag följer vi familjen på sjukhuset, totalt 313 dagar. Berättelsen bygger på en verklig händelse.

Too many individuals still unnecessarily develop noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). Interviews with men with NIHL showed their lack of awareness of noise as a threat to hearing. Also, most men were unwilling to acknowledge, or even denied, their hearing problems. Interviews with spouses of men with NIHL showed that the husband's hearing loss often caused misunderstandings and irritation within the family, which had a negative impact on the couple's intimate relationship. The purposes of our group rehabilitation programme, designed for men with NIHL and their spouses, were to give psychosocial support, adequate information and practice in effective coping strategies. A professional approach to treat men with NIHL is to take a patient-centered global perspective, which encourages the patient to identify, describe and acknowledge problems related to his impaired hearing. In the next step, the patient needs professional help to solve experienced hearing related problems. In this process of identification of and solution to problems, family involvement is important and vital.

Den tid vi i dagens samhälle betraktar som ungdomstid blir allt längre. De ungdomar som lämnar grundskolan tillhör en åldersgrupp som är större än på länge och det stora flertalet av dem är på väg in i svensk treårig gymnasieutbildning.
En övergripande specialpedagogisk idé handlar om att alla människor bereds möjlighet att ta del i ett samhälle. Samtidigt finns inte någon fullödig bild av vad en sådan idé innefattar, särskilt inte sett utifrån den enskilda människans synvinkel. Forskningsinsatser med specialpedagogisk relevans domineras av individuella perspektiv och perspektiv med intresse för samspel är begränsade. Vidare är intresset för gymnasieskolan som specialpedagogiskt forskningsområde begränsat. Befintlig kunskapsutveckling förankras i högre grad vid omvärldens syn på ungdomar, än i ungdomars syn på omvärlden.

Denna undersökning utgår från några av dem som ofta outsagt åsyftas då "en skola för alla" diskuteras. Undersökningen baseras odelat på ungdomars bild, med en särskild tonvikt lagd vid deras upplevelse av omgivningen inklusive skolan och på samspelet med och inom den.

Official police reports of intimate partner violence (IPV) were examined in a community sample of young, at-risk couples to determine the degree of mutuality and the relation between IPV arrests and aggression toward a partner (self-reported, partner reported, and observed). Arrests were predominantly of the men. Men were more likely to initiate physical contact, use physical force, and inflict injuries than women, although few injuries required medical attention. In the context of nonofficial aggression toward a partner, overall, women had higher levels of physical and psychological aggression compared to men, and levels of severe physical aggression did not differ by gender. Couples with an IPV arrest were more aggressive toward each other than couples with no IPV arrests; however, nonofficial levels of aggression were not higher for men than for women among couples experiencing an IPV incident.

Millions of individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are parents. A burgeoning literature suggests that offspring of parents with this condition may be at increased risk for psychological problems. The current paper provides an integrative and comprehensive review of the diverse research literature examining the sequelae of parental posttraumatic stress among offspring. Over 100 studies that evaluated psychological and/or biological variables among children of parents with PTSD are reviewed. Findings suggest parental symptoms of posttraumatic stress are uniquely related to an array of offspring outcomes, including internalizing-type problems, general behavioral problems, and altered hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis functioning. Although very little work has directly evaluated mechanisms of transmission, there is increasing support for genetic and epigenetic effects as well as parenting behaviors. These and other mechanisms are discussed; drawing upon findings from other literatures to consider how parental PTSD may impart psychobiological vulnerability upon offspring. We conclude with a detailed discussion of the methodological strengths and challenges of the extant research, along with a recommended agenda for future research in this important area of study.

The aim of this intervention study was to illuminate the meaning of ICT-based caregiver support as experienced by older family carers living in vast rural areas, caring for a spouse at home. In order to access, the support service participants were provided with a computer and high speed Internet in their homes. Semi structured webcam-interviews were carried out with 31 family carers. A strategy for webcam interviewing was developed to ensure quality and create a comfortable interview situation for the family carers. Interviews were analysed using content analyses, resulting in the themes: Adopting new technology with help from others and Regaining social inclusion. The results indicate that ICT-based support can be valuable for older family carers in rural areas as it contributes to improve quality in daily life in a number of ways. In order to fully experience the benefits, family carers need to be frequent users of the provided support. Adequate training and encouragement from others were essential in motivating family carers to use the support service. Access to Internet and webcamera contributed to reducing loneliness and isolation, strengthening relationships with relatives living far away and enabled access to services no longer available in the area. Use of the ICT-service had a positive influence on the relationship between the older carer and adult grandchildren. It also contributed to carer competence and promote feelings of regaining independence and a societal role.

The aim of this intervention study was to illuminate the meaning of ICT-based caregiver support as experienced by older family carers living in vast rural areas, caring for a spouse at home. In order to access, the support service participants were provided with a computer and high speed Internet in their homes. Semi structured webcam-interviews were carried out with 31 family carers. A strategy for webcam interviewing was developed to ensure quality and create a comfortable interview situation for the family carers. Interviews were analysed using content analyses, resulting in the themes: Adopting new technology with help from others and Regaining social inclusion. The results indicate that ICT-based support can be valuable for older family carers in rural areas as it contributes to improve quality in daily life in a number of ways. In order to fully experience the benefits, family carers need to be frequent users of the provided support. Adequate training and encouragement from others were essential in motivating family carers to use the support service. Access to Internet and webcamera contributed to reducing loneliness and isolation, strengthening relationships with relatives living far away and enabled access to services no longer available in the area. Use of the ICT-service had a positive influence on the relationship between the older carer and adult grandchildren. It also contributed to carer competence and promote feelings of regaining independence and a societal role.